Construction material and building

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a building to be constructed without any troublesome work. 
     The building is a building comprising a construction material  12 , which has a plane heat insulation material  14  in which a madreporic core material is enclosed in a vacuum and a plate structural face material  12   a , and whose heat insulation material  14  and structural face material  12   a  are combined in a way that a plane surface of the heat insulation material  14  faces to one side of a plane surface of the structural face material  12   a , and further comprising a wooden base  9   b  assembled on the construction material  12  and an external wall finishing material  3  fixed on the wooden base  9   b.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a construction material and a building.

BACKGROUND ART

In recent years, it has been a critical issue to deal with saving energyin an area of buildings such as residential housing as well as those ofhome electric appliances and industrial devices from an aspect ofenvironmental conservation. Therefore, an application of various heatinsulation materials or various heat insulation construction methods hasbeen suggested (for example, see Reference Patent 1).

FIG. 1 shows an outline cross section diagram of a conventional building1 disclosed in the Reference Patent 1. As shown in FIG. 1, theconventional building 1 in the Reference Patent 1 maintains a heatinsulating property by having rigid polyurethane foam 2 as a heatinsulation material, of which heat conductivity is below 0.020 W/mK, inan internal part of an external wall finishing material and a roofmaterial 4.

Since the rigid polyurethane foam 2 has an excellent heat insulatingproperty, it can be available for construction in a thin form.Therefore, when it is used for construction, it does not require a longnail or a screw, and it is possible to use construction nails such as a15 cm nail that are generally used.

FIG. 2 is a diagram to explain a conventional construction procedure forheat insulation. In the conventional construction procedure for heatinsulation, as shown in a perspective cross section diagram for anexternal wall 1 a of the conventional building 1 in FIG. 2, a woodenaxis 7 is assembled on a base column 6 of a concrete foundation 5, astructural face material 8 is attached on the wooden axis 7, and then ontop of that, a plural number of wooden bases 9 a are aligned in parallelin a vertical direction. Additionally, the rigid polyurethane foam 2 islocated between the wooden bases 9 a, plywood 10 is affixed on the rigidpolyurethane foam 2, a plural number of wooden bases 9 b are aligned inparallel on the plywood 10 in a vertical direction, and an external wallfinishing material 3 is fixed on the wooden base 9 b.

Patent Reference 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent 2003-278290

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

However, in the structure of the conventional building 1, it istroublesome to pursue the construction since it requires a process tocut the rigid polyurethane foam 2 and insert it between each of theplural number of the wooden bases 9 a.

Along with consideration of the above problem, the present inventionaims at providing a construction material for making it possible toconstruct a building without any troublesome work, and also providing abuilding that can be constructed without any troublesome work.

In order to solve the above problem and achieve the above objective, theconstruction material of the present invention includes a plate formheat insulation material in which a core material is enclosed in avacuum; and a plate form structural face material, in which the heatinsulation material and the structural face material are combined intoone in a way that one surface of the heat insulation material and onesurface of the structural face material face each other. If a buildingis constructed with a construction material of the present invention,heat insulating construction can be completed just by attaching theconstruction material of the present invention on a part specified, andit reduces a process for cutting and filling a foamed heat insulationmaterial and a process to assemble a wooden base on the foamed heatinsulation material. Therefore, overall, it is possible to reduce ausage volume of the wooden base.

The construction material of the present invention may be a pluralnumber of the heat insulation materials combined with the structuralface material in a way that the plural number of the heat insulationmaterials are aligned two-dimensionally without overlapping. If abuilding is constructed with such a construction material, it does notdeteriorate vacuum effects of other heat insulation material even thougha nail or a screw is put on a core material of the heat insulationmaterial during construction in a field so that it restrainsdeterioration of a heat insulating effect as an overall constructionmaterial.

The heat insulation material of the construction material of the presentinvention may be a material in which a plural number of the corematerials are aligned two-dimensionally without overlapping, and each ofthe core materials is independently enveloped in a vacuum. If a buildingis constructed with such a construction material, it does notdeteriorate vacuum effects of other core material even though a nail ora screw is put on a core material of any of the heat insulation materialduring construction in a field so that it restrains deterioration of aheat insulating effect as an overall heat insulation material. Also,compared with a construction material in which a plural number of theheat insulation materials having a single core material are attached onthe structural face material in order to restrain heat insulating effectas an overall construction material from being deteriorated by putting anail or a screw, the number of processes to attach the heat insulationmaterial on the structural face material is reduced duringmanufacturing. Also, since the distance between the plural number ofcore materials and the positional relationships between the pluralnumber of materials do not require adjustment, it is easier tomanufacture the construction material.

The plural number of core materials may be different from each other insize or shape. Since the construction material can be bent flexibly at asection of the core material, the bending flexibility of theconstruction material can be adjusted by changing size or shape of thecore material.

The heat insulation material has an exterior covering material to coverthe core material from a top and a bottom of the core material, and toenclose the core material in a vacuum, and an upper part and a lowerpart of an area of the exterior covering material which does notsandwich the core materials are bonded up to an edge of the corematerial. As the upper part and the lower part in an area in which eachcore material of the exterior covering material is not sandwiched areconnected to an edge of the core material, it is possible to reduce thewidth of a fin part (a non-core part), which does not have the corematerial in a peripheral part of the heat insulation material and widthof the non-core part between adjacent core materials. Therefore, an arearatio of the core material part on the heat insulating surface getsbigger, which improves the heat insulating effect.

A first surface of the heat insulation material facing a first surfaceof the structural face material may not have an irregularity and besmooth and flat between a part where the exterior covering materialfaces the core material and a part where the exterior covering materialdoes not face the core material. The other surface of the heatinsulation material has an irregularity between a part where theexterior covering material faces the core material and a part where theexterior covering material does not face the core material. In thiscase, the surface that faces the structural face material in the heatinsulation material is flat and smooth, it is easy to attach and fix theheat insulation material with a glue, etc. on the structural facematerial and its adhesion strength can be increased. Additionally, asurface, which is opposite to the surface facing the structural facematerial in the heat insulation material, has concavity and convexity asto whether a part that the exterior covering material is facing the corematerial or a part that the exterior covering material is not facing tothe core material. Therefore, during construction in a field when a nailor a screw is put on the structural face material from the heatinsulation material side, it is possible to pay attention not to put thenail or the screw on a part in which there is the core material based onthe concavity and convexity.

The plural number of the heat insulation materials may be combined withthe structural face material into one in a way that the plural number ofthe heat insulation materials are stacked.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the plural number of the heatinsulation materials are stacked in a way that the core materials do notoverlap with the core materials. In this structure, if the size and thenumber of the heat insulation material are adjusted, it is possible toplace the core material on an entire surface of the constructionmaterial so that the heat insulating effect can be improved.

Moreover, in this case, in the heat insulation material located at a topand a bottom of the plural number of the heat insulation materialsstacked, a surface opposite to a surface where the heat insulationmaterials face each other does not have an irregularity and is flat andsmooth between a part where the exterior covering material faces thecore material and a part where the exterior covering material does notface the core material. In this case, because the surface that faces thestructural face material in a plural number of the heat insulationmaterials stacked is flat and smooth, it is easy to attach and fix theheat insulation materials with a glue, etc. on the structural facematerial and its adhesion strength can be increased. Also, because thesurface at a non-structural face material side in a plural number of theheat insulation materials stacked is flat and smooth, it is easy tohandle the construction material.

Additionally, in this case, in the plural number of the heat insulationmaterials stacked, a surface where the heat insulation materials faceeach other has an irregularity between a part where the exteriorcovering material faces the core material and a part where the exteriorcovering material does not face the core material. In this case, if theconcavity and the convexity facing are engaged successfully, a ratio ofthe heat insulation material in a space in which the heat insulationmaterial is located can be increased so that the heat insulating effectcan be improved.

It is preferable that the heat insulation material has an exteriorcovering material to cover the core material from a top and a bottom ofthe core material and to enclose the core material in a vacuum, and theexterior covering material includes: a first laminate film that includesa metal vacuum evaporation layer located at one surface side of the corematerial; and a second laminate film that includes a metal foil layerlocated at other surface side of the core material. Because the heatcapacity is different between the metal foil layer and the metal vacuumevaporation, it is possible to suppress heat leakage (heat transferencefrom a high temperature surface to a low temperature surface in the heatinsulation material) that might occur through a joining surface betweenthese two pieces of laminate films used when the heat insulationmaterial is applied.

It is preferable that the first laminate film includes a polyacrylicresin layer laid on a surface, which is farther from the core material,of the metal vacuum evaporation layer. Therefore, if the polyacrylicresin layer is located on the metal vacuum evaporation layer, its gasbarrier property is improved more than expected from the gas barrierproperty in a case in which each layer is respectively used. Because, ina case of a single metal vacuum evaporation layer, it easily gets cracksif it is laminated or it is used in a part of construction material thatcauses flexion. However, those cracks occurs on the metal vacuumevaporation layer can be prevented by protecting the metal vacuumevaporation layer with the polyacrylic resin. Therefore, it is possibleto maintain the heat insulating property of the vacuum insulationmaterial for a long term by setting up this structure.

It is preferable that the heat insulation material has an exteriorcovering material to cover the core material from a top and a bottom ofthe core material and to enclose the core material in a vacuum. Theexterior covering material includes: a first laminate film that includesa metal vacuum evaporation layer located at one surface side of the corematerial; and a second laminate film that includes a metal foil layerlocated at other surface side of the core material. The first laminatefilm includes a polyacrylic resin layer laid on a surface, which isfarther from the core material, of the first metal vacuum evaporationlayer, and the second laminate film includes a polyacrylic resin layerlaid on a surface, which is farther from the core material, of thesecond metal vacuum evaporation layer. In this structure, because bothsides of the exterior covering material are the metal vacuum evaporationlayers that have a small heat capacity, it is possible to suppress heatleakage that occurs through the joining surface. Besides, the exteriorcovering material has a laminate film consisting of the metal vacuumevaporation layer containing a polyacrylic resin layer having a high gasbarrier property. Therefore, it can maintain the heat insulatingproperty of the heat insulation material for a long period of time.

It is preferable that the heat insulation material is included in afoamed heat insulation material and is combined with the structural facematerial into one via the foamed heat insulation material. In this case,since the heat insulation material is not exposed, it is possible toprevent a pouch of the heat insulation material from being brokenbecause of a foreign article at a construction field or inferiorhandling. Additionally, the heat insulating property is further improvedand the heat insulating property of the building can be more advanced.The foamed heat insulation material may be, for example, rigidpolyurethane foam.

The heat insulation material and the structural face material may have athrough-hole in a thickness direction, and the heat insulation materialand the structural face material are combined into one in a way thateach of the through-holes of the heat insulation material is overlappingwith each of the through holes of the structural face material. If sucha construction material is used, it is possible to install a facilitythat needs to be penetrated from an inside to an outside of the buildingsuch as a ventilation fan.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the construction material of thepresent invention includes a waterproof sheet laid on an externalsurface of the heat insulation material. With such a structure, it ispossible to prevent outside moisture from going into the inside of theheat insulation material, which suppresses deterioration of the heatinsulating property due to an increase in inner pressure of the corematerial.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the construction material of thepresent invention includes a moisture-proof and airtight sheet laid onan external surface of the structural face material. With such astructure, it is possible, especially in winter, to prevent air at hightemperature, which contains moisture in the building, from causing dewcondensation when it touches a cold wall located outside of the vacuumheat insulation material.

Also, a building of the present invention includes a constructionmaterial of the present invention; a wooden base assembled on theconstruction material; and an external wall finishing material fixed onthe wooden base. Since the construction material of the presentinvention is used for the building of the present invention, heatinsulation construction can be completed by attaching the constructionmaterial of the present invention on a designated location when thebuilding of the present invention is constructed, which makes itpossible to reduce a process to cut and insert a foamed heat insulatingmaterial and a process to assemble a wooden base on the foamed heatinsulation material. Because of this, it is possible to reduce usagevolume of the wooden bases.

It is preferable that the construction material is located in a way thatthe heat insulation material faces the wooden base. With this structure,it is possible to increase a heat insulating property of the buildingsince a coverage ratio of the heat insulation material for the buildingbecomes higher.

In the building of the present invention, the construction material is(1) a construction material in which a plural number of the heatinsulation materials are combined with the structural face material intoone in a way that the plural number of the heat insulation materials arealigned two-dimensionally without overlapping, or (2) a constructionmaterial whose heat insulation material is, in a way that a pluralnumber of the core materials are aligned two-dimensionally withoutoverlapping, a material in which each of the core materials isindependently enclosed in a vacuum, and the wooden base is incorporatedinto the construction material with a nail or a screw. If theconstruction material like the above is used, there is an area in whichthere is no core material of the heat insulation material between theconstruction material and the wooden base, either a nail or a screw doesnot run through the core materials. Even if a nail or a screw runsthrough some of the core materials, a vacuum degree of other corematerials is not deteriorated so that the heat insulating property as anoverall construction material is secured.

Also, the building of the present invention includes a plural number ofthe construction materials of the present invention, in which each ofthe heat insulation materials included in the construction materials hasa different thickness. By doing so, it is possible to optimize acoefficient of heat loss at each part of the building according toclimate conditions in a region where the building is constructed or ausage purpose of each room in the building, etc.

In addition, the building of the present invention includes a pluralnumber of the construction materials of the present invention, in whicheach of the heat insulation materials included in the constructionmaterials has a different area ratio of the core material. By doing so,it is possible to optimize a heat insulating effect with the heatinsulation according to climate conditions in a region where thebuilding is constructed or a usage purpose of each room in the building,etc.

Furthermore, a building method of the present invention is aconstruction method for constructing a building using the constructionmaterial of the present invention. By doing so, at the time ofconstruction, heat insulation construction can be completed by attachingthe construction material of the present invention on a designatedlocation, which makes it possible to reduce a process to cut and inserta foamed heat insulating material and a process to assemble a woodenbase on the foamed heat insulation material. Because of this, it ispossible to reduce usage volume of the wooden bases.

Moreover, a heat insulation material of the present invention is asheet-type heat insulation material having a plural number of corematerials enclosed in a vacuum, and is wound and retained in a roll. Bydoing so, even if the heat insulation material is cut into a certaindesired size, it is possible not to affect breakage of the pouch(deterioration of a vacuum degree) from scission on a part other thanthe cut location, and to cut the heat insulation material with the leastpossible scrapped part.

In addition, a heat insulation material of the present invention is aplane heat insulation material whose madreporic core material isenclosed in a vacuum, and has an adhesive layer on a surface and arelease paper on the adhesive layer. By doing so, just by peeling offthe release paper, it is possible for a worker to easily put the heatinsulation material in designated size on a desired part.

Furthermore, a heat insulation material of the present invention is aplane heat insulation material having a plural number of madreporic corematerials that are enclosed in a vacuum, and is marked at specificintervals. By using the mark, it is easy to find out the size.Therefore, in a building construction site, a worker can easily cut outa heat insulation material in a size he desires. Also, even if the heatinsulation material of the present invention is cut into a certaindesired size, it does not affect breakage of the pouch (deterioration ofa vacuum degree) from scission on a part other than the cut location.

The present invention can provide a construction material that makes itpossible to construct a building without any troublesome work, and alsoproviding a building that can be constructed without any troublesomework.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an overview cross section diagram of a conventional building.

FIG. 2 is a perspective cross section diagram of the conventionalbuilding.

FIG. 3 is an overview cross section diagram of the building in a firstembodiment.

FIG. 4 is a perspective cross section diagram of an external wall in thefirst embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a cross section diagram of the external wall of the buildingin the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is an external view diagram of a construction material being usedfor the building in the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a cross section diagram of an A-A′ line of a vacuum insulationmaterial making up of the construction material in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is an external view diagram of a construction material in asecond embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a perspective diagram that shows wooden bases are assembled onthe construction material in the second embodiment.

FIG. 10 is an external view diagram of a construction material in athird embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a cross section diagram of a B-B′ line of a vacuum insulationmaterial making up of the construction material in FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a perspective diagram that shows wooden bases 9 b areassembled on the construction material 12 in the third embodiment.

FIG. 13A is a first diagram for explaining the width of a fin part (anon-core part) 21 b at an edge of the vacuum insulation material 20.

FIG. 13B is a second diagram for explaining the width of the fin part(the non-core part) 21 b at the edge of the vacuum insulation material20.

FIG. 14 is an external view diagram of a construction material as atransformation example of the third embodiment.

FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view diagram of the constructionmaterial 12 as the transformation example of the third embodiment.

FIG. 16 is an external view diagram of a construction material in afourth embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a cross section diagram on a C-C′ line of a vacuum insulationmaterial making up of the construction material in FIG. 16.

FIG. 18 is an external view of a construction material in a fifthembodiment.

FIG. 19 is a cross section diagram on a D-D′ line of rigid polyurethanefoam making up of the construction material 12 in FIG. 18.

FIG. 20 is an external view of a structural face material 12 in a sixthembodiment.

FIG. 21 is an overview cross section diagram of a building in a seventhembodiment.

FIG. 22 is an overview cross section diagram of a building in an eighthembodiment.

FIG. 23 is a plan view diagram of a vacuum insulation material in theeighth embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a plan view diagram of the vacuum insulation material in theeighth embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a plan view diagram of the vacuum insulation material in theeighth embodiment.

FIG. 26 is a cross section diagram that shows a situation where a vacuuminsulation material is attached on a wall having a curving surface in aninth embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a perspective view that shows a vacuum insulation material 20wound up in a roll form in a tenth embodiment.

FIG. 28 is a perspective view that shows the vacuum insulation material20 wound up in a roll form in the tenth embodiment.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view that shows the vacuum insulation material20 wound up in a roll form in the tenth embodiment.

NUMERICAL REFERENCES

-   -   3 External wall finishing material    -   9 b Wooden base    -   11 Building    -   12 Construction material    -   12 a Structural face material    -   14, 14A, 14B, 14C Vacuum insulation material    -   15 Waterproof sheet    -   16 Moisture proof and airtight sheet    -   17 Core material    -   18 Exterior covering material    -   19 Nail    -   20, 20A, 20B, 20C Vacuum insulation material    -   23 Metal foil layer    -   24 Metal vacuum evaporation layer    -   25 Polyacrylic resin layer    -   27 Vacuum insulation material    -   28 Rigid polyurethane foam    -   29 Through-hole    -   30 Vacuum insulation material

DETAILED DESCRIPTION THE INVENTION

The following explains the best mode for carrying out the presentinvention with reference to drawings. The same numerical reference isprovided to those having the same structure as ones explained in thebackground art and their detailed explanation is omitted. In the sameway, in an embodiment that is mentioned subsequently among a pluralnumber of embodiments, the same numerical reference is provided to thosehaving the same structure as ones explained in a preceding embodimentand their detailed explanation is omitted. However, the presentinvention is not limited by embodiments described below.

First Embodiment

FIG. 3 is an overview cross section diagram of a building 11 in thefirst embodiment, FIG. 4 is a perspective cross section diagram of anexternal wall part 11 a of the building 11, FIG. 5 is a cross sectiondiagram of the external wall part 11 a of the building 11, FIG. 6 is anexternal view diagram of a constructional material 12 being used for thebuilding 11, FIG. 7 is a cross section diagram of a line A-A′ of avacuum insulation material 14 making up of the construction material 12in FIG. 6.

As shown in FIG. 3, the building 11 in the first embodiment maintains aheat insulating property by having the construction material 12 ininternal parts of an external wall finishing material 3 and a roofmaterial 4, and in an external part of a floor finishing material 13.

In the construction procedure for heat insulation in the firstembodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the wooden axis 7 is assembled on a basecolumn 6 on the top of a concrete foundation 5, the constructionmaterial 12 is attached on the wooden axis (beam) 7 on the top of it, aplural number of the wooden bases 9 b are aligned in parallel in avertical direction, and then the external wall finishing material 3 isfixed on the wooden bases 9 b.

As shown in FIG. 5, the construction material 12 is a material forconstruction composed of the plate type structural face material 12 a asits main unit and the plate type vacuum insulation material 14 into one.Because one side of the structural face material 12 a is adhered to oneside of the vacuum insulation material 14 with an adhesive agent, thestructural face material 12 a is combined with the vacuum insulationmaterial 14 into one piece. As shown in FIG. 5, the constructionmaterial 12 is attached to the wooden axes 7 so that the vacuuminsulation material 14 is facing the wooden bases (beams) 9 b. As shownin FIG. 6, the surface size of the vacuum insulation material 14 isslightly smaller than surface size of the structural face material 12 a.As shown in FIG. 5, a waterproof sheet 15 is located on the vacuuminsulation material 14 (between the construction material 12 and woodenbases 9 b), and the moisture proof and airtight sheet 16 is located onthe structural face material 12 a (between the construction material 12and the wooden axes 7).

As shown in FIG. 6, the vacuum insulation material 14 includes a pieceof core material 17 having a surface slightly smaller than a surface ofthe vacuum insulation material 14. As shown in FIG. 7, the vacuuminsulation material 14 is provided with each piece of the core material17 covered with an exterior covering material 18 having a gas barrierfeature and enclosed in a vacuum.

In terms of a material as the core material 17, a material having a highvoid ratio, preferably 80% or higher as its void ratio, or morepreferably 90% or higher as its void ratio, is considered to beappropriate. As those suitable for industrial usage, the material can bemade available as fine particles, foam, fiber, etc., and any type of thematerial is chosen according to its usage application or acharacteristic feature required.

In fine particles, inorganic products, organic products and a compoundof these are available. For industrial use, it is possible to use aproduct having dry type silicon dioxide, moisture type silicon dioxideor pearlite, etc. as its main component.

In foam, it is possible to use interconnecting foam such as urethanefoam, styrene foam, and phenol foam.

In fiber, inorganic products, organic products and a compound of theseare available. However, use of inorganic fiber is preferred from aviewpoint of its heat insulating property. As its inorganic fiber, thereare glass wool, glass fiber, alumina fiber, silica alumina fiber, rockwool, etc.

The exterior covering material 18 that composes the vacuum insulationmaterial 14 shall be a laminated film having at least a gas barrierlayer and a heat adhesion layer, which can include an additionalprotection layer if it is necessary to prevent any pinholes on the gasbarrier layer getting from getting any damage, friction, bending,lunging, etc.

A heat conduction ratio of the vacuum insulation material 14 is 0.005W/m·K at average temperature of 24° C., which has a heat insulatingproperty approximately 5 times higher than rigid urethane foam as ageneral heat insulation material.

As explained above, for the building 11 in the first embodiment, heatinsulation work is completed by simply attaching the constructionmaterial 12 in which the structural face material 12 a and the vacuuminsulation material 14 are combined into one, to the wooden axis (beam)7. By doing so, it is possible to eliminate a conventional process,which is the process to cut a foamed heat insulation material and insertit between wooden bases 9 a. Also, overall, it is possible to reduce ausage volume of wooden bases. Furthermore, since the vacuum insulationmaterial 14 having an excellent heat insulating property is used, theheat insulation of the building 11 is quite high and it can contributeto energy saving.

In addition, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 6, theconstruction material 12, which contains the vacuum insulation material14 having a piece of the core material 17 which has a surface slightlysmaller than a surface of the vacuum insulation material 14, is locatedbetween the wooden axes 7 and wooden bases 9 b. By doing so, a coverageratio of the vacuum insulation material 14 for the building 11 becomesbigger so that the heat insulating property of the building 11 becomeshigher.

Also, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, because thewaterproof sheet 15 is located on the vacuum insulation material 14, itis possible to avoid external moisture from coming into an inside of thevacuum insulation material 14 and to prevent deterioration of the heatinsulating property due to increase in inner pressure of the corematerial 17.

Moreover, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the moistureproof and airtight sheet 16 is located on the structural face material12 a of the construction material 12, which means it is located betweenthe structural face material 12 a and the wooden axis (beam) 7. By doingso, it is possible to prevent a situation in which high-temperature aircontaining a lot of moisture in the inside of the building builds up dewcondensation at a border surface between the structural face material 12a and the vacuum insulation material 14.

Additionally, if a heater is installed under the floor, it is preferablethat the construction material 12 is located at an outside of the heaterso that it can improve heat releasing efficiency from the heater.

Second Embodiment

FIG. 8 shows an external view diagram of the construction material 12,and FIG. 9 shows a diagram to indicate a situation where the wooden base9 b is assembled on the construction material 12 in the secondembodiment.

As shown in FIG. 8, the construction material 12 used in the building 11in the second embodiment 2 is a construction material in which thestructural face material 12 a and a plural number of the vacuuminsulation material sections 14 are combined into one. To describe itfurther, the structural face material 12 a and a plural number of thevacuum insulation material sections 14 having their surface slightlysmaller than a surface of the structural face material 12 a are combinedinto one on the structural face material 12 a in a way that the pluralnumber of vacuum insulation material sections 14 do not overlap eachother and are located two-dimensionally.

As indicated in FIG. 9, the construction material 12 and the wooden base9 b are fixed by putting a nail 19 in an area away from the corematerial 17 of the vacuum insulation material 14. They can be fixed witha screw instead of the nail 19. Although it is not shown in FIG. 9, likethe first embodiment, it is preferable that the waterproof sheet 15 islocated on the vacuum insulation material 14 and that the moisture proofand airtight sheet 16 is located on the structural face material 12 a(between the construction material 12 and the wooden axis (beam) 7). Inthis case, it is desirable to identify a location of the nail 19 so thatit stays away from the core material 17 of the vacuum insulationmaterial 14.

As described above, if the construction material 12 in which thestructural face material 12 a and a plural number of the vacuuminsulation material sections 14 are combined into one, is used for thebuilding 11, it is possible in the construction of the building 11, toprevent an overall heat insulating property of the construction material12 from being deteriorated because, even if the nail 19 is put into anyof the core material sections 17 of the vacuum insulation material 14, adegree of vacuum in the vacuum insulation material 14 other than that isnot degraded.

Third Embodiment

FIG. 10 is an external view of the construction material 12, FIG. 11 isa cross section diagram on a B-B′ line of a vacuum insulation material20 composing the construction material 12 in FIG. 10, and FIG. 12 is adiagram to show a situation where the wooden base 9 b is assembled onthe construction material 12.

As shown in FIG. 10, the construction material 12 used for the building11 in the third embodiment 3 is a construction material in which thestructural face material 12 and the vacuum insulation material 20 arecombined into one.

The vacuum insulation material 20 is provided with a plural number ofequally-sized core material sections 17, which are locatedtwo-dimensionally without being overlapped on each other, covered fromtheir top and bottom with two pieces of the exterior covering material18, and vacuum-enclosed. In the vacuum insulation material 20, sincethere is no core material sections 17 between the top and the bottom ofthe exterior covering material 18, almost all of the area where the topand the bottom of the exterior covering material 18 can be adhered inair pressure is a heat adhesion area 21 of the exterior coveringmaterial 18 so that each of the core material sections 17 isindividually vacuum-enclosed. The heat adhesion area 21 is an area wherean upper part and a lower part of the exterior covering material 18 aremelted and bound with heat, so that each of the core material sections17 is located in independent space. Here, a reason why an expression“almost all” instead of “all” is used is because there might be a casethat, due to a slight difference in size or shape between the two piecesof the exterior covering material 18, or a difference in size or shapebetween the exterior covering material 18 and a heat adhesion device,the very end of the peripheral edge of the vacuum insulation material 20cannot be adhered with heat or is not intentionally adhered to the endwith heat. Besides, depending on a following capability (flexibility) ofthe heat adhesion device for a shape of the core material in a partwhere heat and pressure are applied on the vacuum insulation material20, it may not be possible to adhere with heat to the end of the corematerial.

As shown in FIG. 11, the exterior covering material 18 of the vacuuminsulation material 20 has a laminate structure, consisting of a heatadhesion layer 22, a gas barrier layer (a metallic foil layer 23, ametal vacuum evaporation layer 24, and a polyacrylic resin layer 25),and a protection layer 26 located in order from the core material 17side.

The heat adhesion layer 22 is for vacuum-enclosing the inside of theexterior covering material 18 when heat and pressure are applied to it.As the heat adhesion layer 22, low-density polyethylene film, chain-likelow-density polyethylene film, polypropylene film, polyacrylonitrilefilm, etc. and a compound of these can be used.

The gas barrier layer is to prevent air from coming into the corematerial 17 through an external surface of the exterior coveringmaterial 18. In the third embodiment, the metallic foil layer 23 locatedat one side of the core material 17, the metal vacuum evaporation layer24 and the polyacrylic resin layer 25 located at other side of the corematerial 17 are the gas barrier layers. The polyacrylic resin layer 25is located on the metal vacuum evaporation layer 24.

The protection layer 26 is a layer that prevents a pinhole fromoccurring on the gas barrier layer due to damages, friction, bendingwith dust or dirt, or lunging with a stick type of a material such as anail on the external surface of the exterior covering material 18. Asthe protection layer 26, a nylon film, a polyethylene terephthalatefilm, etc. can be used.

A heat conduction ratio of the vacuum insulation material 20 is 0.005W/m·K at average temperature of 24° C., which has a heat insulatingproperty approximately 5 times higher than rigid urethane foam as ageneral heat insulation material.

As indicated in FIG. 12, the construction material 12 and the woodenbase 9 b are fixed by putting a nail 19 in an area away from the corematerial 17 of the vacuum insulation material 20. In short, the nail 19is put into the heat adhesion area 21 so that the wooden base 9 b isfixed on the construction material 12. The wooden base 9 b can also befixed with a screw instead of the nail 19. Although it is not shown inFIG. 12, like the first embodiment, it is preferable that the waterproofsheet 15 is located on the vacuum insulation material 20 and that themoisture proof and airtight sheet 16 is located on the structural facematerial 12 a (between the construction material 12 and the wooden axis(beam) 7).

As described above, in the third embodiment, the construction material12 includes the vacuum insulation material 20, in which a plural numberof the core materials 17 individually exist in independent space and areenclosed in a vacuum, and the insulation material is combined with thestructural face material 12 a into one piece, the construction material12 is used for the building 11. Therefore, in the construction of thebuilding 11, it is possible to prevent an overall heat insulatingproperty of the construction material 20 from being deterioratedbecause, even if a nail or a screw is put into any of the core materialsections 17 of the vacuum insulation material 20, a degree of the vacuumeffect in the other vacuum insulation material sections 17 is notdegraded.

Also, in the third embodiment, as one surface of the exterior coveringmaterial 18 of the vacuum insulation material 20 is a laminate filmhaving the metal vacuum evaporation layer 24 and other surface of it isa laminate film having the metallic foil layer 23, heat capacity isdifferent between the metallic foil layer 23 and the metal vacuumevaporation layer 24. Therefore, it is possible to restrain heat leakagethat occurs through a joining surface of these two pieces of thelaminate films when the vacuum insulation material 20 is used. In thethird embodiment, since the vacuum insulation material 20 has a pluralnumber of the core materials 17, a ratio of the joining surface of thetwo pieces of the laminate films gets bigger. Consequently, the effectto prevent heat leakage becomes bigger because heat capacity isdifferent between the metallic foil layer 23 and the metal vacuumevaporation layer 24.

Additionally, in the third embodiment, there is the polyacrylic resinlayer 25 on the metal vacuum evaporation layer 24 of the exteriorcovering material 18, a gas barrier effect is improved when it iscompared with a case having a single layer of the metal vacuumevaporation layer 24 so that the heat insulating property of the vacuuminsulation material 20 can be maintained for a long period.

Furthermore, in the third embodiment, all of the areas where the corematerial 17 of the exterior covering material 18 of the vacuuminsulation material 20 is not sandwiched are adhered with heat(Reference: the heat adhesion area 21). Therefore, just as shown in FIG.13A, compared with width 21 bx of a fin part (a non-core part) at anedge of the vacuum insulation material 20 x in a case a part 21 x of anarea the core material 17 of the exterior covering material 18 is notsandwiched, it is possible to reduce the width 21 b of the fin part (thenon-core part) at the edge of the vacuum insulation material 20 shown inFIG. 10. By doing so, area of the core material 17 occupied on thesurface of the vacuum insulation material 20 becomes bigger, a ratio ofan effective heat insulation area on the surface of the vacuuminsulation material 20 gets bigger so that the heat insulating effectcan be increased.

In order to further explain the above, FIG. 13B is shown. FIG. 13B is adiagram to compare with FIG. 13A. It is a diagram to explain that thewidth 21 b of the fin part (the non-core part) shown in FIG. 13B can bereduced, as compared with the width 21 b of the fin part (the non-corepart) shown in FIG. 13A. As shown in FIG. 13B, all of the areas wherethe core material 17 of the exterior covering material 18 is notinserted is adhered with heat (Reference: the heat adhesion area 21). Ifthe area 21 x as shown in FIG. 13A, which is not adhered with heat, doesnot exist, the width 21 b of the fin part (the non-core part) shown inFIG. 13 B can be reduced, compared with the width 21 bx of the fin part(non-core part) showing FIG. 13A because the part 21 x does not exist.By doing so, the area of the core material 17 on the surface of thevacuum insulation material 20 y becomes bigger, compared with the vacuuminsulation material 20 x shown in FIG. 13A. Therefore, a ratio of aneffective heat insulation area on the surface of the vacuum insulationmaterial 20 y becomes bigger, which improves the head insulation effect.

Also, in the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, size of the pluralnumber of the core materials 17 is identical. However, the size of theplural number of the core materials 17 can be different as shown in FIG.14. For example, size of the core material 17 in an area where the nail19 may be driven later is made to be smaller than the other area. Bydoing so, even if the nail 19 is actually driven into any of the corematerial 17 in any of the area where the nail 19 may possibly be drivenin, the area size of the core material 17 is small so that the size ofthe area that looses a vacuum condition is smaller than the case size ofa plural number of the core materials 17 is identical. In other words,the size of the core material 17 that keeps the vacuum condition becomesbigger. As a result, it is possible to maintain a high level of a heatinsulating property in the vacuum insulation material 20 as a whole.

In addition, since the construction material 12 can be bent at a section(the heat adhesion area 21) of the core material 17, it gives bendingflexibility if the size of the core material 17 is kept small. Moreover,if the size of the core material 17 in a part that needs to be bent iskept smaller, and if the size of the core material 17 in a part thatdoes not need to be bent is kept bigger, it makes it possible to bendonly at a specific part in the construction material 12.

Furthermore, configuration and thickness of the plural number of thecore materials 17 may be different.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 15, regarding the construction material12, the vacuum insulation material 20 a and the vacuum insulationmaterial 20 b can be stacked as a layer and combined into one on thestructural face material 12 a. In this case, it is preferable that thevacuum insulation material 20 a and the vacuum insulation material 20 bare stacked in such a way that the core material sections 17 are notoverlapped. By adjusting size and one side or both sides of the numberof the core material sections 17, it is possible to combine thestructural face material 12 a with the stacked vacuum insulationmaterial 20 a and vacuum insulation material 20 b in order to make thecore material 17 also be located on a part of the heat adhesion area 21if a piece of the vacuum insulation material 20 is used. As a result ofit, it improves a heat insulating property. By the way, three or morepieces of the vacuum insulation material 20 may be stacked and combinedinto one with the structural face material 12 a.

Fourth Embodiment

FIG. 16 is an external view of the construction material 12 in thefourth embodiment, and FIG. 17 is a cross section view of a C-C′ line ofa vacuum insulation material section 27 composing the constructionmaterial 12 in FIG. 16.

As shown in FIG. 16, the construction material 12 used for the building11 in the fourth embodiment is a construction material in which thestructural face material 12 a and the vacuum insulation materialsections 27 are combined into one.

The vacuum insulation material section 27 is provided by covering aplural number of the core materials sections 17 with a piece of theexterior covering material 18 and having them enclosed in a vacuum. Inthe vacuum insulation material 27, all parts where the core materialsections 17 do not exist are the heat adhesion area 21 of the exteriorcovering material 18, and each of the core material sections 17 isindividually vacuum-enclosed. The heat adhesion area 21 makes each ofthe core material 17 exist in independent space.

As shown in FIG. 17, the exterior covering material 18 of the vacuuminsulation material section 27 has a laminate structure, consisting ofthe heat adhesion layer 22, the gas barrier layer (the metal vacuumevaporation layer 24 and the polyacrylic resin layer 25), and theprotection layer 26 located in order from the core material 17 side. Thevacuum insulation material 27 in the fourth embodiment has the sameconfiguration as the vacuum insulation material 20 in the thirdembodiment except the structure of the gas barrier layer.

The gas barrier layer is for preventing air from coming into the corematerial 17 through an external surface of the exterior coveringmaterial 18, and in the fourth embodiment, the metal vacuum evaporationlayer 24 and the polyacrylic resin layer 25 on both sides of theexterior covering material 18 are the gas barrier layer. The polyacrylicresin layer 25 is located on the metal vacuum evaporation layer 24.

A heat conduction ratio of the vacuum insulation material section 27 is0.005 W/m·K at average temperature of 24° C., which has a heatinsulating property approximately 5 times higher than rigid urethanefoam as a general heat insulation material.

As described above, in the fourth embodiment, the construction material12, in which the vacuum insulation material 27, whose plural number ofcore material sections 17 individually exist in independent space andare vacuum-enclosed, is combined with the structural face material 12 ainto one is used for the building 11. Since both sides of the exteriorcovering material 18 of the vacuum insulation material 27 are the metalvacuum evaporation layer 24 having a small heat capacity, it has a highlevel of effects that restrain heat leakage occurring through itsjoining surface, which improves the heat insulating effect of the vacuuminsulation material 27.

Fifth Embodiment

FIG. 18 is an external view of the construction material 12 in the fifthembodiment, and FIG. 19 is a cross section diagram on a D-D′ line ofrigid polyurethane foam 28 composing the construction material 12 inFIG. 18.

As shown in FIG. 18, the construction material 12 used for the building11 in the fifth embodiment is a construction material in which thestructural face material 12 a and the rigid polyurethane foam 28 arecombined into one.

The rigid polyurethane foam 28 is generated, as shown in FIG. 19, byforming foam urethane molecules in a way the vacuum insulation material27 in the fourth embodiment is included. By the way, as the rigidpolyurethane foam 28, any of the vacuum insulation materials in thefirst embodiment through the third embodiment may be included.

As described above, in the fifth embodiment, the construction material12 in which the structural face material 12 a and the rigid polyurethanefoam 28 that includes a vacuum insulation material such as the vacuuminsulation material 27 described in the fourth embodiment, are combinedinto one is used for the building 11. Since the vacuum insulationmaterial is not exposed outside, it is possible to restrain a vacuuminsulation material pouch from being broken by some foreign material orhandling failures at a construction site.

Also, by using the rigid polyurethane foam 28, the heat insulatingproperty is further enhanced so that it further improves a heatinsulating property of the building 11.

In addition, by using the rigid polyurethane foam 28, structuralstrength of the construction material 12 is increased so that itimproves portability and efficiency of handling work, which generatesplanarity.

The rigid polyurethane foam 28 is one example of the foam type heatinsulation material.

Sixth Embodiment

FIG. 20 is an external view diagram of the construction material 12 inthe sixth embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 20, the construction material 12 used for the building11 in the sixth embodiment is a material in which the structural facematerial 12 a having the through-hole 29 in its thickness direction andthe vacuum insulation material 30 having the through-hole 29, again, inits thickness direction are combined into one in a way thesethrough-holes 29 are overlapping each other.

A configuration of the vacuum insulation material 30 is the same as oneof the vacuum insulation materials in the embodiments described beforeexcept the through-hole 29. The vacuum insulation material in theembodiment described before may be the vacuum insulation material 20, orthe vacuum insulation material 27, or may be the vacuum insulationmaterial 14.

As described above, in the sixth embodiment, because the constructionmaterial 12 having the through-hole 29 is used for the building 11, itis possible to install some equipment such as a ventilation fan thatneeds to penetrate through the inside and outside of the building 11without deteriorating the heat insulating property.

Seventh Embodiment

FIG. 21 is a rough cross section diagram of the building 11 in theseventh embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 21, the building 11 in the seventh embodiment has thesame structure as those in the embodiments described before, and it hasthe construction materials 12A, 12B and 12C shown in FIG. 6, which havestructure in which the vacuum insulation material 14 and the structuralface material 12 a are combined into one, installed an internal part ofa wall 31 and of a roof 32 and a bottom part of a floor material 33.

Thickness of the vacuum insulation material 14 is decided to gain aspecific degree of heat insulating effect.

For example, if the building 11 is located in a cold region, thicknessof the vacuum insulation material 14 becomes bigger. Also, depending ona part of the building 11, thickness of the vacuum insulation material14 installed may be different. In the seventh embodiment, the vacuuminsulation material 14 of the construction material 12A is 5 mm inthickness, the vacuum insulation material 14 of the constructionmaterial 12B is 7 mm in thickness, and the vacuum insulation material 14of the construction material 12C is 3 mm in thickness.

As explained above, in the seventh embodiment, a degree of heatinsulation for the building 11 is designed according to the thickness ofthe vacuum insulation material 14. Because of this, according to aclimate condition in a region where the building 11 is constructed andan intended purpose of each room in the building 11, etc., it ispossible to optimize a coefficient of heat loss in each part of thebuilding 11. As a result, it makes it possible to build the building 11comfortable for a resident.

By the way, the construction materials 12A, 12B and 12C may be aconstruction material in which the vacuum insulation material 20 iscombined with the vacuum insulation material 27 into one, or the vacuuminsulation material 30 is combined with the structural face material 12a into one.

Eighth Embodiment

FIG. 22 is a rough cross section diagram of the building 11 in theeighth embodiment, and FIG. 23 through FIG. 25 are plan view diagrams ofa vacuum insulation material used for the building 11.

As shown in FIG. 22, the building 11 in the eighth embodiment has thesame configuration as those in the embodiments described before, and theconstruction materials 12D, 12E and 12F indicated in FIG. 10, of whichconfiguration is that the vacuum insulation material 20 consisting of aplural number of the core materials 17 are combined with the structuralface material 12 a, are installed in an internal part of a wall 31 andof a roof 32 and a bottom part of a floor material 33.

A ratio of an area (an area ratio) for the core material 17 occupying anentire surface of the vacuum insulation material 20 is determined so asto gain a specific degree of heat insulating effect. The area ratio isdecided by the size of the core material 17 or the size of the heatadhesion area 21, and the bigger the area ratio of the core material 17part is, the higher the heat insulating property of the building 11 is.

For example, if the building 11 is located in a cold region, the arearatio of the core material 17 occupying on the entire surface of thevacuum insulation material 20 becomes bigger. Also, depending on a partof the building 11, the area ratio of the core material 17 part of thevacuum insulation material 20 installed may be different.

FIG. 23 shows the vacuum insulation material 20D of the constructionmaterial 12D, FIG. 24 shows the vacuum insulation material 20E of theconstruction material 12E, and FIG. 25 shows the vacuum insulationmaterial 20F of the construction material 12F respectively, and the arearatio of the core material 17 part is respectively 91.2%, 93.8% and80.2%.

The area ratio of the core material 17 part needs to be decided alongwith consideration of an impact from breakage of the pouch due tonailing, etc. at the time of construction.

As described above, in the eighth embodiment, a degree of heatinsulation for the building 11 is designed along with consideration ofthe area ratio of the core material 17 for the entire surface of thevacuum insulation material 20. Therefore, according to a climatecondition in a region where the building 11 is constructed or anintended purpose of each room within the building, it is possible tooptimize the heat insulating effect of the vacuum insulation material20. As a result of it, it makes it possible to construct the building 11comfortable for a resident.

Ninth Embodiment

In the third embodiment, the vacuum insulation material 20 described byusing FIG. 10 and FIG. 14 is provided by covering a plural number of thecore material sections 17 with a piece of the exterior covering material18 and being vacuum-enclosed.

Therefore, the vacuum insulation material 20 can be bent easily at anarea where the core material 17 does not exist, which is the heatadhesion area 21. Therefore, the vacuum insulation material 20, as shownin FIG. 26, can be easily attached and adhered tightly to a wall 40which has a curving surface like, for example, a ceiling part of a doomtype studio. FIG. 26 is a cross section diagram of the vacuum insulationmaterial 20 and the wall 40 in a case in which the vacuum insulationmaterial 20 is attached to the wall 40 having a curving surface.Besides, not only to the wall 40 having the curving surface, but it isalso possible to attach and tightly adhere the vacuum insulationmaterial 20 to a part that is not a plane surface.

By the way, if the structural face material 12 a is deformable, it ispossible to easily attach and tightly adhere the construction material12 in which the structural face material 12 a and the vacuum insulationmaterial 20 are combined into one, to a part of a non-flat surface suchas a wall having a curving surface. For example, it is possible to usethe construction material 12 in a bath room.

Tenth Embodiment

The vacuum insulation material 20 may be wound in a roll and may beretained to be cut to designated size, as shown in FIG. 27. By doing so,it is possible to cut down the vacuum insulation material 20 with theleast discarded part. Just as described by using FIG. 10, etc., thevacuum insulation material 20 is provided by covering a plural number ofthe core material sections 17 in the same size, which are locatedtwo-dimensionally without overlapping each other, with a piece of theexterior covering material 18 on their top and bottom and having them bevacuum-enclosed. Therefore, even if the vacuum insulation material 20 iscut into a designated size, there is no impact due to breakage of thepouch, which affects a part other than the part being cut. Therefore, itis possible to cut the vacuum insulation material 20 in the tenthembodiment into a various shape and size.

By the way, as shown in FIG. 28, the vacuum insulation material 20 hasan adherent layer 50 on its upper part of one side, and has a releasepaper 51 on the top of it, and under that condition it may be rolled up.In this way, just by peeling off the release paper 51, a worker caneasily attach the vacuum insulation material 20, which is cut intodesired size, to a part he desires. The adherent layer 50 and therelease paper 51 may be located on both sides of the vacuum insulationmaterial 20.

Also, as shown in FIG. 29, a mark 60 may be put on the vacuum insulationmaterial 20 at certain intervals such as 30 cm intervals. If the mark 60is used, it is easy to identify its size so that the worker at aconstruction site of the building 11 can easily cut down the vacuuminsulation material 20 into size he desires, and get it. The mark 60 mayalso be a perforated line, etc.

The vacuum insulation materials and the construction material 12described in each of the embodiments is not only available for use of anewly constructed building, but also they can be used for reforming abuilding.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The construction material in the present invention is used for erectinga new building and constructing a building through reforming work. Also,the building in the present invention is not only useful for aresidential building, but also for a commercial building, etc.

1. A building construction comprising: a construction materialincluding: a plate form structural face material; and a plate formvacuum insulation material laminated to said plate form structural facematerial so as to form an integral plate form construction materialhaving a rear surface of said plate form vacuum insulation materialfacing a front surface of said plate form structural face material, saidplate form vacuum insulation material including: a plurality of plateform core material sections; two flexible exterior covering materialscovering said plate form core material sections, each of said exteriorcovering materials comprising a laminated film including a heat adhesionlayer, a gas barrier layer, and a protection layer laminated in orderfrom a side closest to said plate form core material sections, saidexterior covering materials being configured to individually enclosesaid plate form core material sections within independentvacuum-enclosed spaces such that said plate form core material sectionsare aligned two-dimensionally without overlapping, each of said plateform core material sections being individually vacuum enclosed within arespective one of said independent vacuum-enclosed spaces, said exteriorcovering materials being heat-bonded to each other at heat adhesionareas, said heat adhesion areas being all areas of said exteriorcovering materials not sandwiching said plate form core materialsections; a wooden base attached to said construction material by aplurality of fasteners driven through said vacuum insulation material,said wooden base and said construction material being arranged such thata front surface of said vacuum insulation material faces said woodenbase; and an external wall finishing material fixed to said wooden base.2. The building construction of claim 1, wherein said plate form corematerial sections have different sizes such that said plate form corematerial sections include a plate form core material section having afirst size and a plate form core material section having a second sizesmaller than said first size.
 3. The building construction of claim 2,wherein said plate form core material section having said second size islocated in an area whereat said fasteners are driven through said vacuuminsulation material.
 4. The building construction of claim 1, whereineach of said fasteners comprises one of a nail and a screw.
 5. Thebuilding construction of claim 4, wherein said fasteners are driventhrough said heat adhesion areas of said plate form vacuum insulationmaterial.
 6. The building construction of claim 1, wherein saidfasteners are driven through said heat adhesion areas of said plate formvacuum insulation material.